The Rate Of Poverty Among Elderly Receiving State Pension...

In 2015 The Jersey Household Income Distribution Survey reported that there are approximately 4900 pensioners living in poverty -described as relative low income (after the housing cost) -who exclusively rely on the Jersey State`s pension and have no other source of income except Income Support contributions. It meant that one in every three pensioners struggled to meet basic needs such as housing, food, heating or paying other necessary bills. This figure equated to 28% of all OAPs in Jersey, and it is double of the figure in the UK (14%) (Chief Minister`s Statistic Unit, 2015). The information on the scale of poverty among elderly receiving state pension came after last year`s government decision to remove ten millions pounds from the budget of Social Security,which resulted in the benefit cuts for those with the lowest incomes. While those cuts did not affect state pension itself, which currently stands at  £ 204.15 full rate per week for single person and  £339.01 per couple (gov.je/benefits/pensionsretirement), it had an impact on additional benefits claimed through means tested Income Support (IS) which are household benefits designed to aid in meeting the most basic needs of a Jersey resident such as `the cost of living, housing, medical needs, childcare and carers` (http://www.gov.je/Benefits/IncomeSupport/Pages/index.aspx). The rationale behind the state pension with the Income Support components was that it would lift households at least to the level of a RelativeShow MoreRelatedThe Poverty Of The Elderly2078 Words   |  9 PagesResearch 1) Background Poverty of the elderly is a sensitive political issue in South Korea and it seems to be agreed that welfare policy should address this problem urgently. 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Everstar Engineering and Services Pte Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Everstar Engineering and Services Pte Ltd. Answer: Introduction The aim of the report is to focus on the human resource management system in a Singapore based small and medium scale company Everstar engineering services pte ltd. The report analyses the role of human resource management software in this organisation. Human resource manage system does not get much importance in a SME and hence, use of software in HR management is less compared to a large scale company (Wei Feng, 2013). HR software has important role in management of human resource such as employee payroll, hr system, recruitment system and more. Application of HR system increases efficiency of the human resource management system of the organisation. However, the nature of human resource changes overtime. The report discusses the current HR system and application of HR software for the chosen organisation. Changing nature of strategic HR Change in role as an administrator The nature of business is constantly changing. The reason is change in socio political nature, economic environment along with technological innovation. Change in labour law has great impact on the human resource management. The changing nature of the HR system now deals not only with hiring and firing employees or payroll but also has became a key role player in the growth of the organisation. A talented professional HR has capability to recruit right individual, who can contribute significantly in the organisational growth process (Nguyen Siengthai, 2016). Reaction to employee performance In the past time, if any employees did a good work, the employees were rewarded in order to have the same good result in future. Employees were punished for the bad work. In present times, employers and the HR department have become more proactive rather than reactive. Good works are definitely rewarded (Pande, 2015). However, employees are not punished for the performance below expectation. Rather, low skilled employees are given training to enhance their skills. Figure 1: Changing role of HR (Source: Sajid et al., 2014) Increasing competition, globalisation, technological change, organisational alliances, new hierarchical structure in an organisation and demographic characteristics have made the HR role critical. HR person now has to perform the role of business partner, strategic thinker. The HR person needs to take challenge and pressure to run the business efficiently. Role of HR is growing in the SMEs. In the view of Abdulah et al. (2013), the functions of HR in an SME are growing with the change in workforce size, growth opportunity, and industry and employees life cycle. Strategic role of HR department has increased with the decrease in administrative role. The functions in Everstar engineering services Pte Ltd affected by HR Everstar engineering services pte ltd is a growing SME, which is an engineering specialist solution provider (Everstar.sg, 2016). This company has different activities and hence, employees with numerous skills are required. However, employee strength is less in this company compared to a large scale company. HR in this organisation recruits staffs with different skills and check monthly performance of the employees. Kumar Parumasur (2013) mentioned that the HR person supervises the payroll system of this organisation along with the performance management. The company performs no other specific role in this organisation. At the start up stage, the functions of HR were performed by the owner of the company in order to recruit people for management and other team role. Shaheen, Ghazanfar Hussain (2014) cited that with the growth of the organisation, the task of hiring and managing HR role has become formal, as requirement for defining job role, guidance have emerged. As there is no finance manager in this organisation, HR performs the management of payroll. HR manager can set a clear goal to the employees to fulfil within a stipulated time in the competitive environment. Selection of right candidate has impact on the companys performance (Hota, 2012). Recruitment of skilled and experienced employee, who can understand the organisational goal clearly, have contribution in the development of the organisation. Organisational culture is affected by the activity of the HR personnel. HR person sets the values, norms within organisation and shared by the workforce. The values relates to the ethical behaviour of the employees, commitment to the organisation. These values shape the organisational goal and strategy to achieve the goal (Varzaru, 2015). Role of software in bringing efficiency in HRM of the organisation Human resource management tools can be categorised as Hr tools, talent management and employee engagement tools (Al-Dmour, 2014). Application of software can facilitate Everstar engineering services pte Ltd of Singapore in the following ways: Recruitment of new staff becomes easier If Everstar engineering services pte ltd can install integrated software, which deals with recruitment, can make this process simple and faster. If this company organise recruitment process online, then this method can save time and reduce cost of recruitment. The saved time can be utilised other productive purpose. When data about the candidate is already entered into the system, re-entry is not required. Software easily chooses right candidates further organisation based on qualification, experience and age. Hr department has to put little effort for selection of right candidates (Alshamaila, Papagiannidis Li, 2013). Integration of different functions HR person can use software to management employee payroll along with the insurance, leave, overtime payment, tax deduction, daily attendance. HR software may facilitate talent management of Everstar engineering services Pte ltd. The talent management tool creates a centralised repository for the training of the employees. This tool can be accessed from the portal of the employees. Software can track record regarding the performance of the employee. Employees compensation scheme, bonuses are managed by the software (Al-rabei et al., 2015). Reduction of risks in the organisation Manual data entry has some risks of wrong entry or likelihood of similar entry. In case of automated process, data is entered manually and thus reduces the chances of error. Moreover, if mistakes occur during data entering process, the mistakes can be identified easily by using the functions of the software. Hence, this system driving process is more efficient compared to a manual process and can improve efficiency of the HR department of Everstar engineering services pte ltd (Ankrah Sokro, 2012). HRM software plan and implementation strategy Everstar engineering services Pte Ltd can implement the enterprise resource planning software for human resource management. Use of ERP software saves time for each task of HR department including administrative tasks and lowers the cost of operation by deploying self-service applications (Llego, 2015). This software has several sub-systems such as employee management, organisation management, employee payroll management and personal development. In order to implement the application of the software, the employees and the HR personnel need to be trained. They need to be aware about the advantages of the use of the software. The personnel management system includes data base, recruitment and salary administration. Organisational management system includes organisational structure, staff schedule and job description. Another important sub system is the payroll management, which comprises of salary management, report preparation, managing attendance for the calculation of salary. Time management sub division includes time recording, leave management such as emergency leave, casual leave or sick leave (Al-rabei et al., 2015). Management of Everstar engineering services Pte Ltd can include personal development segment, which includes training and event management, training assessment. Figure 2: HR software implementation plan (Source: Ankrah Sokro, 2012) Recommendation Everstar engineering services Pte Ltd needs to implement ERP software in the organisation to bring efficiency in its human resource management. Therefore, this company has to make provision in the annual budget regarding investment in the human resource information system. In order to work with the system, the HR personnel of this organisation need to have knowledge to use this. The EP system generates a report regarding an employees profile. This report helps the HR personnel to take decision about the employees performance appraisal. This company is recommended to install centralised ERP system, which links different department of the organisation and stores data in a single database. HR person can easily access those data whenever required. Conclusion This report analyses the importance of the use of software in Everstar engineering services Pte Ltd, Singapore. Human resource management software reduces the pressure of the manual tasks of the HR department. The HR software facilitates the organisation in two aspects such as HR and Payroll. The report has analysed the changing nature of human resource management. With the changing business nature, the human resource management has become complicated. HR software helps the company to utilise the workforce fully and efficiently. Workforces skill, talent and experiences are managed by the HR software. The report has discussed about the software implementation plan regarding employee recruitment, training and payroll management. References Abdulah, N. H., Wahab, E., Shamsuddin, A., Abdul Hamid, N. A. (2013). Acceptance of computerized payroll system among SMEs' managers using technology acceptance model. Al-Dmour, R. (2014).An integration model for identifying the determinants of the adoption and implementation level of HRIS applications and Its effectiveness in business organisations in Jordan(Doctoral dissertation). Al-rabei, A. M., Taber, T. A. A., Alaryan, L. A., Haija, A. A. A. (2015). The Role of Accounting Information Systems in enhancing Human Resources Management Cycle in Jordanian Islamic Banks an Empirical Study.Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences,9(20), 437-441. Alshamaila, Y., Papagiannidis, S., Li, F. (2013). Cloud computing adoption by SMEs in the north east of England: A multi-perspective framework.Journal of Enterprise Information Management,26(3), 250-275. Ankrah, E., Sokro, E. (2012). Human resource information system as a strategic tool in human resource management.Problems on Management in the 21st Century,5, 6-15. Everstar.sg. (2016) About Us - Everstar Engineering Services Pte. Ltd - Fabrication, Thermal Insulation, Engineering Services. Everstar.sg. Retrieved 2 November 2016, from https://www.everstar.sg/aboutus.html Hota, J. (2012, March). Implementation of ERP SaaS option for HRIS reporting practices. InInternational Conference on Technology and Business Management, Dubai. Kumar, N. A., Parumasur, S. B. (2013). Managerial Perceptions of the Impact of HRIS on Organizational Efficiency.Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies,5(12), 861. Llego, B. (2015). The Relationships between Human Resource Management and Entrepreneurship: Case Study SME in Thailand.World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering,9(12), 3954-3958. Nguyen, D. N., Siengthai, S. (2016). An Insightful Understanding of Perception and Trust Towards HRIS: A Case Study from SMEs in Vietnam.SGBED wishes to recognize the following sponsors, 395. Pande, S. (2015). Human resources information systems in SMEs.SMART Journal of Business Management Studies,11(1), 52-69. Sajid, M. A., Batool, Q., Rehman, J. H. U., Hanif, A. (2014). The Trends and Developments of Human Resource Information System: A Case of Azad Jammu Kashmir Public sector.International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies,9(3), 1180. Shaheen, I., Ghazanfar, F., Hussain, S. (2014). The role of HRIS in achieving organizational excellence: a multifaceted discussion.International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences,4(12), 14-29. Varzaru, D. C. (2015). The link between smes specifics and hris in south west romania.Young Economists Journal/Revista Tinerilor Economisti,12(24). Wei, S., Feng, A. (2013). Research on applications of Human Resource Information System in SMEs. In2nd International Conference on Science and Social Research (ICSSR)(pp. 804-807).

Age and Categorization of objects

Question: Describe about the Age and Categorization of objects in early children to age 12? Answer: Introduction Brief background One of the ways individuals sort out their reality is through categorizations. Normally, youthful kids appear to ingest the idea of categorization smoothly through play, conversing with others and taking an interest in daily activities. Children develop various significant cognitive capabilities since their 18months. They begin to categorize the objects in various ways from this age itself. According to some past studies, infants start categorizing complex objects like stuffed animals and organize according to the prototypes. Compelling categorization abilities empower children to perform assignments proficiently (Momen, 2002). Therefore, in this present study, the researcher investigates the categorization behaviours in early children and tries to identify the relationship between age and categorization of objects in early children to age 12. This paper is focuses around categorization of object at early age and its adaptability. Firstly it would present the extant information on ob ject categorization and its adaptability in early childhood, to be specific somewhere around 3 and 12 years old. Attempting to draw a line and aggregate up what the researcher knows so far can help to discover better approaches to examine the rise of this capacity, so essential in later stage of problem-solving. Literature Review The capacity to gathering things as per a typical trademark and after that name that trademark is an essential idea that helps kids structure a premise for organizing and sorting out their reality (Anaki and Bentin, 2009). At the point when instructors methodically show categorization strategies, they are showing a solitary ability as well as a framework for learning, critical thinking and arranging, they are likewise showing the establishment for preparing, recollecting and incorporating new information (Emadi and Esteky, 2009). Numerous individuals wonder about and even begrudge individuals who are constantly ready to put their finger on an item or information when required on the grounds that they know where to discover it. This would not be conceivable without having created complex association methodologies that incorporate categorization (Iachini, Borghi and Senese, 2008). Thus categorization helps understudies structure a premise for organizing and arranging their reality. It can turn into a framework for learning; critical thinking and sorting out and is additionally an establishment for preparing, recalling and coordinating new information (Jones et al., 2012; Mack, 2010). Keeping in mind the end goal to function proficiently, the human cognitive framework utilizes the capacity to arrange its general surroundings into significant categorizations. At the end of the day, it orders a limitless number of jolts, and this procedure is fundamental for data handling chiefly by its commitment to information organization. The trouble in researching categorization in kids before they can precisely disentangle dialect and investigate the applicable peculiarities of articles in perplexing ways has postponed our insight about right on time ability in order. The most recent many years of examination have united with a refinement of techniques a scope of trial information that depicts categorization in early childhood. For example, as of now at 3 years old years kids have right to use to numerous types of categorizations - e.g., taxonomic ones (in light of imparted properties) and topical ones (taking into account co-event in space and time) (Bornstein and Arterberry, 2010). Since postnatal life, newborn children show expanding capacities to identify perceptual likenesses and regularities in spatial relations and peculiarities of novel protests and demonstrate a developing reasonable comprehension of the physical and spatial properties of constant robust objects (Mash and Bornstein, 2011; Bornstein, Arterberry and Mash, 2010). By 4 to 6 months of age, babies see fruition of consistent surfaces and directions regardless of impediment, see deceptive contours, recognize genuine objects after presentation to two-dimensional delineations of them and separate between physically conceivable and incomprehensible occasions including robust objects (Smidts, Jacobs and Anderson, 2004; Nazzi and Gopnik, 2000). Categorization adds to rendering intelligible these generally confusing assorted qualities, permitting us to sum up crosswise over encounters, in light of the fact that Categorization relates every accomplished substance to a surviving representation (Graham et al., 2010). Categorization additionally encourages the capacity and recovery of data, and it supplies a standard of association by which new data can be managed an account proficiently in memory. Along these lines, order suggests a rudimentary sort of derivation and permits the categorizer to react to novel substances as though they were recognizable (Booth, 2008). Categorization of object alludes to imparted representations of like, yet discriminable, objects. Categorization of object passes on learning of other article properties and additionally information of properties of class individuals not yet experienced. In a word, categorization is a fundamental cognitive and formative accomplishment, additionally exhibits an impre ssive cognitive and formative test (Gaiert, Blthoff and Wallraven, 2011). Categorization are particularly profitable in early stages and early adolescence when numerous new questions, occasions, and individuals are experienced on the grounds that, without the capacity and proclivity to order, kids would need to figure out how to react again to every novel element they experience(Son, Smith and Goldstone, 2008). In this sense, bits of knowledge into how Categorization at first creates are essential to comprehension children' discernments and additionally other developing related mental capacities, for example, memory and dialect (Leibe, Ettlin and Schiele, 2008). Two perspectives on categorization supplement each other. One underlines processing, and alternate spotlights on structure. Regarding processing, substances on the planet can be ordered in diverse ways: The individuals, objects and events that people experiences consistently are not very bound into a solitary class, yet can be arranged into distinctive classes. Adults amenably classify the same elements in diverse routes in light of evolving guidelines, connections, and assignment requests. So do young children. As children get to be acquainted with the objects in an errand they can change their categorization; whether kids structure a class that incorporates or rejects certain models relies on upon the circulation of models they are presented to (Ionescu, 2007). This shows that as the children grow, they start understanding the categorization of objects more effectively. This further demonstrates that the children utilize their different depth information about categorization of objects to perceive different objects more effectively as they keep growing and get familiar with the objects (Augier and Thibaut, 2013). Further, to help children to become flexible with the categorization of objects, formative psychologists have started to outline a picture about adaptable categorization ahead of schedule in ontogeny, which speaks to the capacity to put an article in a few categorizations as per diverse categorization criteria. Case For instance, consider a cat as an animal, as a companion, or as a dark and cocoa being. Adults can do this with ease. Flexible categorization provides for children the likelihood of better adjusting to their surroundings, by the method for rethinking the applicable gimmicks of a jolt in the light of new logical request s. Late information on kids demonstrate that they also can interchange them ahead of schedule in their advancement (Mash and Bornstein, 2011). Strengths and limitations of previous research Even though the previous studies discussed in the literature review have provided significant insights on categorization of objects among different age group of children starting from infancy. It is effectively described that categorization of objects becomes easier for the children as they start getting familiar with the objects near their surrounding and thus as they keep growing they start identifying the objects more easily. The previous studies also describe that categorization of objects is mainly learnt through experience and interaction. Further, the categorization of objects includes ideas that are in view of thoughts and qualities, instead of simply physical things. However, there still exits a gap in understanding how these categorization processes develop across the relatively broad age range of early childhood to age 12. Thus, this present study would analyze the gap and make clear understanding about age and categorization of objects. Outline current study The present study is divided into five different parts. First is introduction where brief about categorization of objects and what the present study is all about is being discussed. Further, this part consists of aim and hypothesis of the study. To provide proper evidence to the current study, a literature review of previous similar studies has been discussed to have thorough understanding of the topic. Second part discusses the method of conducting this current study. This part describes the research design, procedures and also materials being used to understand the relationship between age and categorization of objects between 3-12 years age of children. The third part of this proposal emphasizes on the ethics of conducting this research. As it is aimed towards children of age 3-12years, the researcher would try to make sure that all types of safety measures and permission from their parents have be made before starting this project. Fourth part is the proposed analysis which discusses the way the information is analyzed and what kind of results are expected out of this study. Last part is appendices that consists of timeline plan of this study and also consists of ethics proposal form. Research aims and hypotheses The aim of the study is to investigate the development of conceptual reasoning in children between 3-12years, using a new task with parameters appropriate for children in this age range. In order to conduct this study, the researcher has decided to focus on following hypothesis: H0: There is difference in categorization of objects between 3-12years age of children H1: There is no difference in categorization of objects between 3-12years age of children Method Design This present study utilizes the experimental research design to understand age and categorization of objects among the children between the age group of 3-12years of age. The reason behind selecting this research design is that it helps the researcher to look at the legitimacy of the hypothesis or to focus the viability of something beforehand untried (Akker, 2006). Additional, experimental studies include profoundly controlled and deliberate methodology with an end goal to minimize mistake and predisposition which likewise builds our certainty that the control "brought about" the result (Grand and Jonas, 2012). An alternate key component of this experimental study is random assignment. Random sampling implies that if there are treatments or groups in the research, members are allotted to these groups arbitrarily (like the flip of a coin). This implies that regardless of who the member is, he/she has an equivalent chance of getting into the majority of the groups in the experiment (C ohen, Manion and Morrison, 2000). This procedure serves to guarantee that the group of selected children are similar toward the start of the study so that there is more certainty that the control brought about the result. Since, this is an academic research and has to be completed within the stipulated given time, the researcher emphasizes on using cross-sectional research study. This implies that analysts record data about their subjects without controlling the study environment. It is characterized as test gatherings along a formative way in a trial to decide how advancement impacts an exploration variable (Bordens and Abbott, 2011). The advantage of a cross-sectional study outline is that it permits analysts to look at various variables in the meantime. On the other hand, cross-sectional studies may not give unmistakable data about cause-and-effect connections. This is on account of such studies offer a depiction of a solitary minute in time; they don't consider what happens before or after the preview is taken (Quraishi, 2012). Participants The sample consisted of 50 children, aged between 3years to 12years. This sample is divided into 3 groups: one group consisted of 3-5years children with sample size of 18, other group included children between age group 6-9years with n= 17 and the last group involved children of age 10-12years with sample size 15. Children are selected from different kindergarten, primary schools, child care centres in the metropolitan area of London, United Kingdom. The inclusion criteria for this study are: Age between 3 years 0months to 12years 1month while participating in the study No past history related to psychiatric or development of neurological disorder English should be the first language Informed consent, based on the ethical procedures, will be taken from the guardians or parents of the children who are participating in the study. More or less equivalent quantities of boys and girls are taken from every age, and the sample was overwhelmingly European American with around 10% of the children of Asian American, African American, and/or mixed ethnicity. Families were enlisted through acquired mailing records recognizing new families in a more prominent metropolitan zone, and they all originated from middle- to upper -financial status family units. Materials The object categorization used is plastic toys that can be manipulated by the children. This would be more appealing to the early childhood (3-8years) than the late childhood (9-12years) compared to the graphics and diagrams which are mostly liked by the late childhood. However, according to the aim of the research study, the materials are chosen. The objects categorization consists of two settings one is the setting with 5toys and another setting with 7 toys. This would allow examining the conceptual reasoning skills in the early childhood and also late childhood. It is also hypothesized that the young children that the first group of age 3-5years would perform more poorly compared to other two groups, as they are quite immature to understand the concept behind this task or lack of reasoning skills. Thus, it is also predicted that the age differences generates different concepts and ability to shift with the concepts. Procedure In order to conduct this study, two different trials one is practice trial and then the test trial was conducted to investigate the ability of the children to make two different groups of the toys provided to them. Practice Trials: As a practice trail and introduction to the task, children were given five distinct plastic toys one is animals that included bear and dog and another one is fruits that included apple, banana and mango. The researcher then shows the children that these two are identical in nature but different toys. So, they need to separate them. Then, the researcher asks the students to put the vehicles on the left side of the table and animals on the right side of the table. Further, during the experiment, if a researcher finds that any child is unable to understand the instructions then they were asked to tell which rubber toys are vehicles and which are animals and then put them separately on the table. Test Trials: After completing the practice trials with all the groups, the researcher then showed the children 7 toys that consisted of cat, deer, elephant, bug, plane, car and bike. Then, the examiner again asked each group children to separate the toys based on animals and vehicles. If a child did not know how to sort or what to sort they were taught about the objects with the help of charts. This object categorization task included three different conditions one is explicit cueing another one is identification and free generation conditions. In explicit cueing condition, a child or a group of children who are unable to identify or sort the objects according to the categories at all were given score of 1, then group of children or a child who tried putting the toys in write place by somehow misplaced but again with write instructions, they placed the toys in right category where allotted score 2. This was identification condition. Lastly, in free generation condition, the students who placed the toys in right manner without any support was given score 3. In this way, it helps the researcher to understand which age group is able to categorize the objects properly and investigate about their reasoning skills. Ethical Considerations Ethics in terms of research means a researcher has an ethical commitment to shield the participants from damage, pointless attack of their security, and the advancement of their prosperity. In order to conduct this research ethically, the researcher focuses on three main areas, acquiring assent, guaranteeing security from mischief, and securing privacy (Creswell, 2014). Informed consent guarantees that every member has a complete comprehension of the reason and systems utilized as a part of the study, the dangers included, and the requests of the study. Capacity is an individual's capacity to procure and hold information. Data must be exhibited so it can be totally and completely caught on by every participant (BERA, 2011). Voluntariness guarantees each member's capacity to work out the force of free decision without the intercession of power, extortion, duplicity, pressure, or different types of compulsion. Consent to partake will be taken from parents. Further, remembering that no individual is hurt by serving as a member in a study. Specific consideration will be taken towards children. Further, the researcher would also focus on confidentiality or privacy of the information taken or collected from the participants for this task (Desai, 2010). The researcher ensures that the information collected will just be used to complete this academic writing only not for any other commercial use (Iijima, Aleksic and Ozaki, 2011). The researcher would also focus on several other factors in ensuring the protection of members, counting the affectability of the information in perspective of the group of children and their parents being mulled over, the setting in which the research happens, and how open the information is that is gathered and scattered (SRCD, 2007). Lastly, the researcher would also focus on termination. There is no restriction for the participants to continue with the research till end. They can terminate the deal whenever they want just 1week prior notic e. The researcher makes sure that any integrity breach during execution or development of the study will seriously affect the research study (The British Psychological Society, 2010). Proposed Analysis The researcher focuses on collecting primary data using direct observation method which is a procedure by which an evaluation group gathers information on characteristically happening conduct inside their standard setting. This is attained to by watching conditions and particular gimmicks of an influenced site from a scope of perspectives and areas to give a general perspective of the influenced territory and by taking note of these perceptions in a checklist (Vogt, 2011). The research uses the video recorder to record all the activities and behaviour of the students towards categorization of objects. Video records are coded randomly. The objects were coded according to the order in which the children touched items. Then, the researcher will make quantitative analysis on the collected data to measure effect as indicated by humanitarian markers. The reason behind using this quantitative data analysis is that it gives numeric estimates, also opportunity for fairly uncomplicated data an alysis. Further, its supports the researcher for making the right conclusion as the data collected are in its reliability (Banyard and Grayson, 2008). From, this present study and analysis of data, it is expected that age influences the categorization of object that is categorization of objects depends upon age. The children between the age group of 10-12 years are more active towards categorizing objects compared to 3-9years. The kids 3-5years need much support in categorizing the objects. Thus, it can be expected that categorization of objects is dependent on age. References Akker, J. (2006). Educational design research. London: Routledge. Anaki, D. and Bentin, S. (2009). Familiarity effects on categorization levels of faces and objects. Cognition, 111(1), pp.144-149. Augier, L. and Thibaut, J. (2013). The benefits and costs of comparisons in a novel object categorization task: Interactions with development. Psychon Bull Rev, 20(6), pp.1126-1132. Banyard, P. and Grayson, A. (2008). Introducing psychological research. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. BERA, (2011). Ethical Guidelines Foreducational Research. [online] bera.ac.uk. Available at: https://www.bera.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/BERA-Ethical-Guidelines-2011.pdf [Accessed 26 Feb. 2015]. Booth, A. (2008). The cause of infant categorization?. Cognition, 106(2), pp.984-993. Bordens, K. and Abbott, B. (2011). Research design and methods. New York: McGraw-Hill. Bornstein, M. and Arterberry, M. (2010). The development of object categorization in young children: Hierarchical inclusiveness, age, perceptual attribute, and group versus individual analyses. Developmental Psychology, 46(2), pp.350-365. Bornstein, M. and Mash, C. (2010). Experience-Based and On-Line Categorization of Objects in Early Infancy. Child Development, 81(3), pp.884-897. Bornstein, M., Arterberry, M. and Mash, C. (2010). Infant object categorization transcends diverse objectcontext relations. Infant Behavior and Development, 33(1), pp.7-15. Cohen, L., Manion, L. and Morrison, K. (2000). Research methods in education. London: RoutledgeFalmer. Creswell, J. (2014). Research design. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications. Desai, M. (2010). A rights-based preventative approach for psychosocial well-being in childhood. Dordrecht: Springer. Emadi, N. and Esteky, H. (2009). Categorization of ambiguous visual objects by macaque monkeys. Neuroscience Research, 65, p.S108. Gaiert, N., Blthoff, H. and Wallraven, C. (2011). Similarity and categorization: From vision to touch. Acta Psychologica. Graham, S., Namy, L., Gentner, D. and Meagher, K. (2010). The role of comparison in preschoolers novel object categorization. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 107(3), pp.280-290. Grand, S. and Jonas, W. (2012). Mapping design research. Basel: Birkhauser. Iachini, T., Borghi, A. and Senese, V. (2008). Categorization and sensorimotor interaction with objects. Brain and Cognition, 67(1), pp.31-43. Iijima, Y., Aleksic, B. and Ozaki, N. (2011). Necessity for ethical consideration of research in the aftermath of disaster. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 65(5), pp.535-536. Ionescu, T. (2007). I Can Put It There Too!" - Flexible Object Categorization in Preschool Children and the Factors That Can Act upon It. Cognitie, Creier, Comportament, 11(4). Jones, L., MacLure, M., Holmes, R. and MacRae, C. (2012). Children and objects: affection and infection. Early Years, 32(1), pp.49-60. Leibe, B., Ettlin, A. and Schiele, B. (2008). Learning semantic object parts for object categorization. Image and Vision Computing, 26(1), pp.15-26. Mack, M. (2010). Modeling categorization of scenes containing consistent versus inconsistent objects. Journal of Vision, 10(3), pp.1-11. Mash, C. and Bornstein, M. (2011). 5-Month-Olds Categorization of Novel Objects: Task and Measure Dependence. Infancy, 17(2), pp.179-197. Mash, C. and Bornstein, M. (2011). 5-Month-Olds Categorization of Novel Objects: Task and Measure Dependence. Infancy, 17(2), pp.179-197. Momen, N. (2002). Children use information about how objects were made when selecting the referent of a novel word. Nazzi, T. and Gopnik, A. (2000). A shift in children's use of perceptual and causal cues to categorization. Developmental Science, 3(4), pp.389-396. Quraishi, M. (2012). Research Methodlogy and its Application. Saarbrucken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. Smidts, D., Jacobs, R. and Anderson, V. (2004). The Object Classification Task for Children (OCTC): A Measure of Concept Generation and Mental Flexibility in Early Childhood. Developmental Neuropsychology, 26(1), pp.385-401. Son, J., Smith, L. and Goldstone, R. (2008). Simplicity and generalization: Short-cutting abstraction in childrens object categorizations. Cognition, 108(3), pp.626-638. SRCD, (2007). SRCD Ethical Standards for Research with Children. [online] grainger.illinois.edu. Available at: https://xtf.grainger.illinois.edu:8080/xtfEthics/data/Codes/SRCD/SRCD.pdf [Accessed 26 Feb. 2015]. The British Psychological Society, (2010). Human Code and ethics. [online] bps.org.uk. Available at: https://www.bps.org.uk/sites/default/files/documents/code_of_human_research_ethics.pdf [Accessed 26 Feb. 2015]. Vogt, W. (2011). SAGE quantitative research methods. London: SAGE.

Analytical Essay Sample on #8220;The Picture of Dorian Gray#8221; by Oscar Wilde

Analytical Essay Sample on #8220;The Picture of Dorian Gray#8221; by Oscar Wilde In Oscar Wilde’s classic novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, imagery affects the story as a whole. One image that can be traced throughout the entire novel, is the actual portrait of Dorian Gray. This portrait in itself can be divided into three separate stages, depending on the severity of Dorian’s cruelty. As the novel progresses, these images transform from one stage to another. This successful usage of imagery makes this novel truly terrifying, but at the same time, quite enjoyable. The first significant stage of Dorian’s portrait might be called the beautiful stage. Basil Hallward paints Dorian’s portrait in the beginning pf the novel, and, it is said to be his best work yet. The picture not only illustrates Dorian’s true outer beauty, but it also accentuates on his stunning youthful image. The portrait is given to Dorian to keep for himself to remember how lovely he looked in his youthful days. Basil and Dorian alike adore the portrait, however they have no idea of what is in store them in the future. The next stage of Dorian’s ever changing portrait is slightly changed from the fine-looking image of the novel’s beginning. Dorian falls in love with Sibyl Vane, a beautiful and extremely talented young actress, and goes to see her perform almost every night. He becomes engaged to her and, rightly so, decides to bring his friends along with him to show off his future bride at one of her performances. Sibyl, however, realizes that she is in love, and decides that she need not act to her full potential. In fact, she performs horribly and disgusts Dorian and his friends alike. After the show, Dorian becomes furious with Sibyl and declares his love for her null and void. Soon thereafter she commits suicide and Dorian’s picture suddenly changes. Almost everything is still intact except for his smile. It has changed from the once beautiful smile, to a cruel and evil looking grin. From here on, the portrait changes from day to day in an increasingly malicious way. The third and final stage of the portrait represents Dorian in a full fledged evil form. While the picture has been changing all throughout the novel, it takes a dramatic change when he single-handedly kills one of his best friends. Basil follows Dorian into his house and wants to see his, as he remembered, beloved picture of Dorian. While looking at the portrait in amazement and confusion, Dorian lashes out upon him in a mad rage. He stabs Basil again and again in the head for reasons no one will ever know. After this incident, Dorian’s portrait changes even more. He realizes that there is a look of cunning in his eye, along with scarlet blood stains on his hands. In closing, Dorian’ picture reaches an all time level of wickedness, and, because of this, he attempts to destroy it for good, but ends up killing himself in return. Finally, the imagery that Oscar Wilde uses so well in Dorian Gray affects the novel greatly in whole. As the portrait changes, so does the mood and the actions of the characters. At first, when the portrait is beautiful, everyone is happy, and it seems as though nothing could ever go wrong. As Dorian’s life of crime gradually begins to accelerate, however, things begin to change. The mood tends to shift from a joyful tone, to more of a ghastly and horrifying one. This is not fully shown until the novel shifts eighteen years into the future. Rumours are constantly being spread about Dorian and his disgraceful habits while weather is constantly dark and gloomy. Another peculiar fact is that not one person dies in the novel until Dorian’s behavior begins to change. When the portrait is in its opening stages, only Sibyl Vane dies. When the portrait is in its closing stages, however, Basil, James Vane, and Dorian himself all meet death themselves. In conclusion, Dorianâ€⠄¢s portrait changes the whole mood of the novel, and has some effect on everyone in the novel, whether it be directly or indirectly. In conclusion, imagery plays a significant role in Dorian Gray. The one significant image, the portrait, is seen constantly throughout the novel. As the image changes, so does everything else in the story. The picture not only affects the way the characters act, but it also affects the mood in return. In closing, Dorian Gray’s portrait coincides perfectly with the mood and actions of the characters, which range from perfection and harmony to evil and cruelty.

6 Problems with Punctuation

6 Problems with Punctuation 6 Problems with Punctuation 6 Problems with Punctuation By Mark Nichol Six categories of punctuation errors include missing, extraneous, misplaced, excessive, incorrect, and inconsistent punctuation. Each of the following sentences illustrate one of those errors in that order, accompanied by discussion and revision. 1. One man jumped on a police car, leaving its front and rear windows smashed and the top dented in and other protesters sprayed graffiti on another law enforcement vehicle. The description of the effects of the man’s actions constitute a parenthetical phrase inserted into the main clause, which is â€Å"One man jumped on a police car, and other protesters sprayed graffiti on another law enforcement vehicle.† The parenthesis requires punctuation at the end as well as at the beginning: â€Å"One man jumped on a police car, leaving its front and rear windows smashed and the top dented in, and other protesters sprayed graffiti on another law enforcement vehicle.† 2. Security-monitoring techniques, that highlight potential incidents and enable a real-time response from the organization, are becoming increasingly important. The phrase located between the commas is not parenthetical; it is essential to the meaning of the sentence in describing exactly which type of security monitoring techniques are being discussed, so no punctuation should interfere: â€Å"Security-monitoring techniques that highlight potential incidents and enable a real-time response from the organization are becoming increasingly important.† (If all security-monitoring characteristics had these capabilities, then that phrase would be a parenthetical one that provides additional information to the sentence, but that would have to be replaced by which to signal that nonessential information follows: â€Å"Security-monitoring techniques, which highlight potential incidents and enable a real-time response from the organization, are becoming increasingly important.†) 3. Quarterback Peyton Manning threw for 290 yards and a touchdown, and perhaps more importantly, was not sacked all day. No comma is required after touchdown, because what follows is not an independent clause. However, â€Å"perhaps more importantly† is a parenthetical phrase, so a comma should precede it: â€Å"Quarterback Peyton Manning threw for 290 yards and a touchdown and, perhaps more importantly, was not sacked all day.† 4. Style comes from the characteristics that make one garment- a piece of clothing- or accessory- a nonessential item that you wear or carry- different from another. Too many instances of the same punctuation mark can confuse the reader because the sentence does not provide distinctive cues about its organization and the hierarchy of information presented. If a sentence has more than one parenthetical phrase (in this case, the definitions of garment and accessory), open and closed parentheses, which face each other and more obviously set off what appears between them, should supplant dashes or commas: â€Å"Style comes from the characteristics that make one garment (a piece of clothing) or accessory (a nonessential item that you wear or carry) different from another.† (Note that using commas in place of dashes is not an improvement, because the sentence organization is still confusing: â€Å"Style comes from the characteristics that make one garment, or piece of clothing, or accessory, or nonessential item that you wear or carry, different from another.†) 5. I’ve been there before, I found it overrated. Here a semicolon, rather than a comma, is required, because the sentence consists of two independent clauses: â€Å"I’ve been there before; I think it’s overrated.† (Alternatively, the sentence could be divided into two separate sentences, or a conjunction could replace the punctuation: â€Å"I’ve been there before, but I think it’s overrated.†) 6. Last year, a man agreed to give up his $6,000 drone system and promise not to fly a drone for three years. . . . Last month the FAA announced there are now more registered drone operators in the United States than there are registered manned aircraft. If one short introductory phrase is followed by punctuation, any similar construction within a piece of writing should adhere to this style: â€Å"Last year, a man agreed to give up his $6,000 drone system and promise not to fly a drone for three years. . . . Last month, the FAA announced there are now more registered drone operators in the United States than there are registered manned aircraft.† The same rule applies for any other style, such as how a list is punctuated; if one list is punctuated, for example, â€Å"lock, stock, and barrel,† another should not be styled, for example, â€Å"rock, paper and scissors.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph Examples34 Writing Tips That Will Make You a Better WriterHow to Send Tactful Emails from a Technical Support Desk

Definition of Teacher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Definition of Teacher - Essay Example This study outlines that the role of an early childhood teacher has been redefined in the modern curriculum. In ancient times the young kids got enough attention and parental care from the parents and hence the teacher had to concentrate mainly on the learning process of the kids. But in the current world most of the parents are working and hence they are not getting enough time to provide proper care to their kids. Earlier the parents were more concentrated in their kid’s studies at home like doing the home works and assisting them in their studies. But in the modern world the busy life styles has prevented them from doing so and hence the teacher’s responsibility has been increased a lot. Most of the home assignments intended to solve at homes, given to the kids will be returned without solving it since the children were unable to get any assistance from the parents. Earlier it was a teacher dominated curriculum where the teacher explains everything in the class. But as per the modern curriculum principles, the teacher, only helps the student in their learning activities. The problems are created by the teacher for discussion in the class and the students are asked to solve the problems independently. The modern teacher acts only as a guide to the students, helping them in reaching the solution.  

Hybrid Cars Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hybrid Cars - Research Paper Example Global warming has taken the better part of environmentalists. Anderson, in his publication, argues that the introduction of hybrid automobiles had a weighty significance to the environment (Anderson, & Anderson, 2010, p. 37). The first advantage attached to the introduction of this technology is that the automobiles pose less threat to global warming due to their low carbon dioxide emissions. This helps in conserving the future and reliable environment. Researchers suggest that the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by automobiles is proportional to the fuel energy they consume. Therefore, hybrid vehicles with low fuel consumption emit low amounts of the green house gases, thus, reducing threat to the ozone layer. For instance, the Toyota Prius hybrid from the United States reduces tailpipe emissions by up to 90% and green house gas emissions by around 50% (Hilgenkamp, 2005, p. 122). Scholarly research clearly depicts that the hybrid automobiles burn far less gas per mile compared to that of convectional cars. In addition, a number of harmful smog pollutants emitted by the hybrid cars are half compared to the traditional gasoline powered automobiles. This, thus, makes the hybrid automobiles more efficient to use. Due to the strong urge of improving mileage especially in the United States, they have encouraged people to use hybrid cars. This has resulted in the production of more and luxurious automobiles, which rely on low amounts of fuel.Low fuel consumption motivates individuals and states to poses automobiles. Petite MPG (miles per gallon) improvements on incompetent automobiles saves a large amount of fuel over a given remoteness of driving since the greater the MPG, the lower the amount of carbon dioxide produced when traveling a fixed number of miles. A clear example is portrayed by the Nissan Altima hybrid, which gets 35 mpg in the city and 23 mpg on the highway whereas the convectional car gets 33 mpg in the city and 32 mpg on the highway. Ultimately, th e MPG of a hybrid car is higher due to consumption of low fuel amounts as compared to the MPG of a convectional car, which is low due to high fuel consumption resulting to subsequent high carbon dioxide emissions (Stellet et. Al, 2011, p. 3). Arguably, hybrid automobiles consume less amounts of fuel thus reducing the need of foreign oil. The technology being outdated by the introduction of hybrid automobiles is known for high fuel consumption. In fact, statistic collected by U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)