How The Recommended System Meets Health Insurance...

Explain how the recommended system meets Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requirements. HIPAA of 1996 brings compliance requirements that require significant challenges for healthcare providers. HIPAA has five separate Titles and is colossal (United States Department of Health Human Services, n.d.). The Administrative Simplification requires the formation of national standards for HIE transactions and nationwide identifiers for providers, health insurance plans, and employers (United States Department of Health Human Services, n.d.). The Administrative Simplification also addresses the security and privacy of healthcare information (United States Department of Health Human Services, n.d.). The criteria are meant to improve the quality and efficiency of America’s health care system by encouraging the widespread use HIE. Furthermore, with the signing into law of the ARRA of 2009, a number of new measures were enacted under HITECH. HITECH extends the HIPAA Security and Privacy Rule requirements for individual patient rights, such as, the right of access to EHRs (United States Department of Health Human Services, n.d.). Additional rights include the receipt of accounting disclosures when made from an EHR and the right to restrict disclosures of PHI when self-paid (United States Department of Health Human Services, n.d.). HITECH also instituted breach notification requirements for breaks involving electronic health records and PHIShow MoreRelatedElectronic Health Records ( Ehr )1863 Words   |  8 Pageselectronic health records (EHR) will be discussed as well as the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH) and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and how the privacy and security of EHR for patients are being maintained. An overview of EHR policies will be discussed also along with the ongoing evaluation of healthcare technology use and how it is being measured by organizations, payers and governmental agencies. Electronic Health RecordRead MoreEssay On Cloud Based Technology1234 Words   |  5 Pages(electronic health records) practices can store this information in an application. This also makes the process of accessing patient records at other places of care a lot less time consuming and improves the quality of patient care. Cloud computing has not only benefitted doctors offices but physical therapy clinics as well Criteria There are many benefits of using cloud based software in healthcare but the main concern is loss of privacy. The federal government put in place the â€Å" Health Insurance PortabilityRead MoreEssay on 630 Final Exam1079 Words   |  5 PagesSecurity strategies | Describes the general security strategies necessary to meet the risks. | Public key infrastructure policies | Includes your plans for deploying certification authorities for internal and external security features. | Security group descriptions | Includes descriptions of security groups and their relationship to one another. This section maps group policies to security groups. | Group Policy | Includes how you configure security Group Policy settings, such as network passwordRead MoreCSEC 630 Final Exam Essay1054 Words   |  5 Pagesenterprise. Security strategies Describes the general security strategies necessary to meet the risks. Public key infrastructure policies Includes your plans for deploying certification authorities for internal and external security features. Security group descriptions Includes descriptions of security groups and their relationship to one another. This section maps group policies to security groups. Group Policy Includes how you configure security Group Policy settings, such as network password policiesRead MoreAssessment Of The Organizations Compliance With Hipaa Regarding The Use And Disclosure Of Phi For Research1789 Words   |  8 Pagesorganization’s compliance with HIPAA regarding the use and disclosure of PHI for research? My initial review would begin with conducting a risk assessment involving these areas: a. Patient HIPAA agreements – I would review the organization patient HIPAA information release forms to ensure that the form follows the laws and regulations provided by HHS. Covered entities must comply with HIPAA rules requirements protecting the privacy and security of patient’s health information and must provide patientsRead MoreThe Health Insurance Portability And Accountability Act Of 1996 ( Hipaa )1685 Words   |  7 PagesOffice of Civil Rights (OCR) maintains one of the most well-known laws meant to protect the privacy of health information - the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). HIPAA is composed of statute and rules such as the Privacy Rule, Security Rule, Breach Notification Rule, and others. These rules cover various aspects of health information security. For example, â€Å"the HIPAA Security Rule specifies a series of administrative, physical, and technical safeguards for covered entitiesRead MoreHealth Information T echnology For Economic And Clinical Health Act2217 Words   |  9 Pagesand President Obama enacted the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH) as part of the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act of 2009 (ARRA). HITECH established the Office of the National Coordinator (ONC) in statute and provided the authority, resources and infrastructure needed to stimulate the rapid, nationwide adoption and use of health IT, especially electronic health records (EHRs) and to establish programs to improve health care quality, safety, and efficiencyRead MoreTeam Assignment Essay5619 Words   |  23 Pages iTrust Threats amp; Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Section II: Recommended Changes to Security Management Policies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 Section III: Adaption of Requirements to Reduce Security Risk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦......11 Conclusion. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦21 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦23 Introduction There are multiple benefits of electronic health records (EHR), which include improved care, quicker access to patient files, and increasedRead MoreA Brief Note On The Electronic Health Records Essay1484 Words   |  6 Pagesmedical records that will help patients track their conditions. The Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have revolutionized the process of clinical documentation through direct care to the patient. This electronic health record is a new technology that helps maintain patient’s privacy. Both computers and EHRs can facilitate and improve the clinical documentation methods, which is beneficial for all patients, the care teams, and health care organizations. In this case, documentation improvement has a directRead MoreThe Pharmaceutical Industry And The New Era Of Health Reform1727 Words   |  7 Pagesor about 40 percent of the worldwide market share, and reflected a 37-percent increase since 2003. (Statistics, U.S. Bureau of Labor, 2011). Also, the projected growth rate is 6% per annual. Nowadays, the role of the pharmacist in the new era of health reform is not only just pill-bottle fillers, but also transform into an entrepreneur who can maximizing their skill sets to assist patients, as well as gaining market in pharmaceutical community store. There are several ways to open a retail pharmacy:

The Rate Of Poverty Among Elderly Receiving State Pension...

In 2015 The Jersey Household Income Distribution Survey reported that there are approximately 4900 pensioners living in poverty -described as relative low income (after the housing cost) -who exclusively rely on the Jersey State`s pension and have no other source of income except Income Support contributions. It meant that one in every three pensioners struggled to meet basic needs such as housing, food, heating or paying other necessary bills. This figure equated to 28% of all OAPs in Jersey, and it is double of the figure in the UK (14%) (Chief Minister`s Statistic Unit, 2015). The information on the scale of poverty among elderly receiving state pension came after last year`s government decision to remove ten millions pounds from the budget of Social Security,which resulted in the benefit cuts for those with the lowest incomes. While those cuts did not affect state pension itself, which currently stands at  £ 204.15 full rate per week for single person and  £339.01 per couple (gov.je/benefits/pensionsretirement), it had an impact on additional benefits claimed through means tested Income Support (IS) which are household benefits designed to aid in meeting the most basic needs of a Jersey resident such as `the cost of living, housing, medical needs, childcare and carers` (http://www.gov.je/Benefits/IncomeSupport/Pages/index.aspx). The rationale behind the state pension with the Income Support components was that it would lift households at least to the level of a RelativeShow MoreRelatedThe Poverty Of The Elderly2078 Words   |  9 PagesResearch 1) Background Poverty of the elderly is a sensitive political issue in South Korea and it seems to be agreed that welfare policy should address this problem urgently. The average elderly poverty rate among OECD countries is 13.5% while Korea’s rate is 45.1%, 3.4 times higher. Korea’s suicide rate of the elderly is nearly four times the average for OECD countries, with poverty widely understood to be an underlying factors. An effective response to poverty among the elderly requires an accurateRead MorePoverty For The Elderly Population Essay1756 Words   |  8 PagesPoverty for the elderly is a persistent problem in the United States. During the Great Depression of the 1930’s poverty among the elderly grew in the nation but declined over the years as relief efforts by the government to lift families out of poverty and to secure the future of the elderly population were established. Before the Great Depression, state welfare pensions did not exist and security for retirement was nearly non-existent. The Social Security Act, signed in 1935 managed to establishRead MoreEssay on Canadians Aging Population 1999 Words   |  8 Pagesdiversity among all Canadian, hence there is differences among the aging population. Not all seniors are aging well and have the appropriate programs and services to meet their needs. Some seniors are victims of abuse and some are living in isolation and poverty. Some se niors suffer from chronic illness and other socio-economic factors limit the amount of money they can put away for retirement. Hence these middle and low income elderly retirees will have to depend mainly on the pension plan thatRead MoreEssay on Liberal Reforms of 1906-1914798 Words   |  4 PagesLiberal Reforms of 1906-1914 From the turn of the 20th century, laissez faire (the policy of non-intervention in relation to social problems) became discredited. The same old problems of poverty and ill-health still remained. The Liberal reforms of 1906 to 1914 are very important because they show a marked change in government policy from a largely laissez faire approach to a more collectivist approach. The government now accepted that it should have a much largerRead MoreStatus of Elderly People in Nepal7837 Words   |  32 PagesPARTICIPANTS ONLY ESID/HLM-MIPAA/6 9 October 2007 ENGLISH ONLY ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC High-level Meeting on the Regional Review of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA) 9-11 October 2007 Macao, China Elderly People in Nepal What happened after MIPPA, 2002? * Nepal Participatory Action Network * This paper was prepared by Mr. Bhola Prasad Dahal, Immediate Past Chairperson/Executive Committee Member, Nepal Participatory Action Network, Nepal, for theRead MoreAn Interview With A Healthy, Non Institutionalized Elderly Latino1630 Words   |  7 PagesThe paper is based on an interview with a healthy, non-institutionalized elderly Latino man in relation to the current nursing techniques. The focus on this individual helps to investigate the relationship between the race/ethnicity, psychosocial characteristics and the United States nursing home utilization projections. Notably, focusing on the individual aged 65 years and above helps analyze the characteristics of the baby boom generation in its entrance to retirement age. Consideration of thisRead MoreThe National Pension System ( Nps ) Essay1284 Words   |  6 PagesThe poverty rate amongst the elders in Korea’s especially aging population is very high, it has been a very high contributor to income inequality over the p ast few decades . As of OECD reports in 2011 have indicated 49 percent of the population above the age of 65 lived in relative poverty. The figure in Korea is extremely high compared to the OECD average which is 13 percent. The BOAP was introduced relatively late in 2008 which covers roughly about 70 percent of the population with the benefitRead MoreGender Inequality And The Workplace1630 Words   |  7 Pages Meschede, 2016). Senior women are more likely to live in poverty than men, with unmarried senior women having higher poverty rates than those who are married (Munnell, 2004; Butrica, Smith, Iams, 2012). The lower economic well-being of senior women compared to senior men can be explained by women’s lower accumulation of lifetime earnings, fewer years in the work force, and lower financial net worth and likelihood of receiving pension income (Anzick Weaver, 2001; Vartanian MacNamara, 2002)Read MorePresident Franklin Delano Roosevelt And Social Security1152 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Security Act in August of 1935 to combat high unemployment and poverty, especially among the elderly. In the process, he laid the foundation for a modern safety net. The act has been amended over the years and consists of several welfare and social insurance programs including the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Supplemental Security Income (SSI), among other medical assistance programs. Ideological Divide Most proposalsRead MoreThe Existence And Persistence Of Poverty1458 Words   |  6 Pagesto be the explanations for the existence and persistence of poverty. The first account is the Dependency-Based Explanation that puts the blame of poverty to the individual or to their cultural background. The Exclusion-Based Explanation and Structural-Based Explanation are the next two which establishes the society that condemns people to poverty. Dependency-based Explanation Individual Deficiency. This explanation views that poverty is caused by the individual’s choice. Influenced by New Right

Everstar Engineering and Services Pte Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Everstar Engineering and Services Pte Ltd. Answer: Introduction The aim of the report is to focus on the human resource management system in a Singapore based small and medium scale company Everstar engineering services pte ltd. The report analyses the role of human resource management software in this organisation. Human resource manage system does not get much importance in a SME and hence, use of software in HR management is less compared to a large scale company (Wei Feng, 2013). HR software has important role in management of human resource such as employee payroll, hr system, recruitment system and more. Application of HR system increases efficiency of the human resource management system of the organisation. However, the nature of human resource changes overtime. The report discusses the current HR system and application of HR software for the chosen organisation. Changing nature of strategic HR Change in role as an administrator The nature of business is constantly changing. The reason is change in socio political nature, economic environment along with technological innovation. Change in labour law has great impact on the human resource management. The changing nature of the HR system now deals not only with hiring and firing employees or payroll but also has became a key role player in the growth of the organisation. A talented professional HR has capability to recruit right individual, who can contribute significantly in the organisational growth process (Nguyen Siengthai, 2016). Reaction to employee performance In the past time, if any employees did a good work, the employees were rewarded in order to have the same good result in future. Employees were punished for the bad work. In present times, employers and the HR department have become more proactive rather than reactive. Good works are definitely rewarded (Pande, 2015). However, employees are not punished for the performance below expectation. Rather, low skilled employees are given training to enhance their skills. Figure 1: Changing role of HR (Source: Sajid et al., 2014) Increasing competition, globalisation, technological change, organisational alliances, new hierarchical structure in an organisation and demographic characteristics have made the HR role critical. HR person now has to perform the role of business partner, strategic thinker. The HR person needs to take challenge and pressure to run the business efficiently. Role of HR is growing in the SMEs. In the view of Abdulah et al. (2013), the functions of HR in an SME are growing with the change in workforce size, growth opportunity, and industry and employees life cycle. Strategic role of HR department has increased with the decrease in administrative role. The functions in Everstar engineering services Pte Ltd affected by HR Everstar engineering services pte ltd is a growing SME, which is an engineering specialist solution provider (Everstar.sg, 2016). This company has different activities and hence, employees with numerous skills are required. However, employee strength is less in this company compared to a large scale company. HR in this organisation recruits staffs with different skills and check monthly performance of the employees. Kumar Parumasur (2013) mentioned that the HR person supervises the payroll system of this organisation along with the performance management. The company performs no other specific role in this organisation. At the start up stage, the functions of HR were performed by the owner of the company in order to recruit people for management and other team role. Shaheen, Ghazanfar Hussain (2014) cited that with the growth of the organisation, the task of hiring and managing HR role has become formal, as requirement for defining job role, guidance have emerged. As there is no finance manager in this organisation, HR performs the management of payroll. HR manager can set a clear goal to the employees to fulfil within a stipulated time in the competitive environment. Selection of right candidate has impact on the companys performance (Hota, 2012). Recruitment of skilled and experienced employee, who can understand the organisational goal clearly, have contribution in the development of the organisation. Organisational culture is affected by the activity of the HR personnel. HR person sets the values, norms within organisation and shared by the workforce. The values relates to the ethical behaviour of the employees, commitment to the organisation. These values shape the organisational goal and strategy to achieve the goal (Varzaru, 2015). Role of software in bringing efficiency in HRM of the organisation Human resource management tools can be categorised as Hr tools, talent management and employee engagement tools (Al-Dmour, 2014). Application of software can facilitate Everstar engineering services pte Ltd of Singapore in the following ways: Recruitment of new staff becomes easier If Everstar engineering services pte ltd can install integrated software, which deals with recruitment, can make this process simple and faster. If this company organise recruitment process online, then this method can save time and reduce cost of recruitment. The saved time can be utilised other productive purpose. When data about the candidate is already entered into the system, re-entry is not required. Software easily chooses right candidates further organisation based on qualification, experience and age. Hr department has to put little effort for selection of right candidates (Alshamaila, Papagiannidis Li, 2013). Integration of different functions HR person can use software to management employee payroll along with the insurance, leave, overtime payment, tax deduction, daily attendance. HR software may facilitate talent management of Everstar engineering services Pte ltd. The talent management tool creates a centralised repository for the training of the employees. This tool can be accessed from the portal of the employees. Software can track record regarding the performance of the employee. Employees compensation scheme, bonuses are managed by the software (Al-rabei et al., 2015). Reduction of risks in the organisation Manual data entry has some risks of wrong entry or likelihood of similar entry. In case of automated process, data is entered manually and thus reduces the chances of error. Moreover, if mistakes occur during data entering process, the mistakes can be identified easily by using the functions of the software. Hence, this system driving process is more efficient compared to a manual process and can improve efficiency of the HR department of Everstar engineering services pte ltd (Ankrah Sokro, 2012). HRM software plan and implementation strategy Everstar engineering services Pte Ltd can implement the enterprise resource planning software for human resource management. Use of ERP software saves time for each task of HR department including administrative tasks and lowers the cost of operation by deploying self-service applications (Llego, 2015). This software has several sub-systems such as employee management, organisation management, employee payroll management and personal development. In order to implement the application of the software, the employees and the HR personnel need to be trained. They need to be aware about the advantages of the use of the software. The personnel management system includes data base, recruitment and salary administration. Organisational management system includes organisational structure, staff schedule and job description. Another important sub system is the payroll management, which comprises of salary management, report preparation, managing attendance for the calculation of salary. Time management sub division includes time recording, leave management such as emergency leave, casual leave or sick leave (Al-rabei et al., 2015). Management of Everstar engineering services Pte Ltd can include personal development segment, which includes training and event management, training assessment. Figure 2: HR software implementation plan (Source: Ankrah Sokro, 2012) Recommendation Everstar engineering services Pte Ltd needs to implement ERP software in the organisation to bring efficiency in its human resource management. Therefore, this company has to make provision in the annual budget regarding investment in the human resource information system. In order to work with the system, the HR personnel of this organisation need to have knowledge to use this. The EP system generates a report regarding an employees profile. This report helps the HR personnel to take decision about the employees performance appraisal. This company is recommended to install centralised ERP system, which links different department of the organisation and stores data in a single database. HR person can easily access those data whenever required. Conclusion This report analyses the importance of the use of software in Everstar engineering services Pte Ltd, Singapore. Human resource management software reduces the pressure of the manual tasks of the HR department. The HR software facilitates the organisation in two aspects such as HR and Payroll. The report has analysed the changing nature of human resource management. With the changing business nature, the human resource management has become complicated. HR software helps the company to utilise the workforce fully and efficiently. Workforces skill, talent and experiences are managed by the HR software. The report has discussed about the software implementation plan regarding employee recruitment, training and payroll management. References Abdulah, N. H., Wahab, E., Shamsuddin, A., Abdul Hamid, N. A. (2013). Acceptance of computerized payroll system among SMEs' managers using technology acceptance model. Al-Dmour, R. (2014).An integration model for identifying the determinants of the adoption and implementation level of HRIS applications and Its effectiveness in business organisations in Jordan(Doctoral dissertation). Al-rabei, A. M., Taber, T. A. A., Alaryan, L. A., Haija, A. A. A. (2015). The Role of Accounting Information Systems in enhancing Human Resources Management Cycle in Jordanian Islamic Banks an Empirical Study.Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences,9(20), 437-441. Alshamaila, Y., Papagiannidis, S., Li, F. (2013). Cloud computing adoption by SMEs in the north east of England: A multi-perspective framework.Journal of Enterprise Information Management,26(3), 250-275. Ankrah, E., Sokro, E. (2012). Human resource information system as a strategic tool in human resource management.Problems on Management in the 21st Century,5, 6-15. Everstar.sg. (2016) About Us - Everstar Engineering Services Pte. Ltd - Fabrication, Thermal Insulation, Engineering Services. Everstar.sg. Retrieved 2 November 2016, from https://www.everstar.sg/aboutus.html Hota, J. (2012, March). Implementation of ERP SaaS option for HRIS reporting practices. InInternational Conference on Technology and Business Management, Dubai. Kumar, N. A., Parumasur, S. B. (2013). Managerial Perceptions of the Impact of HRIS on Organizational Efficiency.Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies,5(12), 861. Llego, B. (2015). The Relationships between Human Resource Management and Entrepreneurship: Case Study SME in Thailand.World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering,9(12), 3954-3958. Nguyen, D. N., Siengthai, S. (2016). An Insightful Understanding of Perception and Trust Towards HRIS: A Case Study from SMEs in Vietnam.SGBED wishes to recognize the following sponsors, 395. Pande, S. (2015). Human resources information systems in SMEs.SMART Journal of Business Management Studies,11(1), 52-69. Sajid, M. A., Batool, Q., Rehman, J. H. U., Hanif, A. (2014). The Trends and Developments of Human Resource Information System: A Case of Azad Jammu Kashmir Public sector.International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies,9(3), 1180. Shaheen, I., Ghazanfar, F., Hussain, S. (2014). The role of HRIS in achieving organizational excellence: a multifaceted discussion.International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences,4(12), 14-29. Varzaru, D. C. (2015). The link between smes specifics and hris in south west romania.Young Economists Journal/Revista Tinerilor Economisti,12(24). Wei, S., Feng, A. (2013). Research on applications of Human Resource Information System in SMEs. In2nd International Conference on Science and Social Research (ICSSR)(pp. 804-807).

Age and Categorization of objects

Question: Describe about the Age and Categorization of objects in early children to age 12? Answer: Introduction Brief background One of the ways individuals sort out their reality is through categorizations. Normally, youthful kids appear to ingest the idea of categorization smoothly through play, conversing with others and taking an interest in daily activities. Children develop various significant cognitive capabilities since their 18months. They begin to categorize the objects in various ways from this age itself. According to some past studies, infants start categorizing complex objects like stuffed animals and organize according to the prototypes. Compelling categorization abilities empower children to perform assignments proficiently (Momen, 2002). Therefore, in this present study, the researcher investigates the categorization behaviours in early children and tries to identify the relationship between age and categorization of objects in early children to age 12. This paper is focuses around categorization of object at early age and its adaptability. Firstly it would present the extant information on ob ject categorization and its adaptability in early childhood, to be specific somewhere around 3 and 12 years old. Attempting to draw a line and aggregate up what the researcher knows so far can help to discover better approaches to examine the rise of this capacity, so essential in later stage of problem-solving. Literature Review The capacity to gathering things as per a typical trademark and after that name that trademark is an essential idea that helps kids structure a premise for organizing and sorting out their reality (Anaki and Bentin, 2009). At the point when instructors methodically show categorization strategies, they are showing a solitary ability as well as a framework for learning, critical thinking and arranging, they are likewise showing the establishment for preparing, recollecting and incorporating new information (Emadi and Esteky, 2009). Numerous individuals wonder about and even begrudge individuals who are constantly ready to put their finger on an item or information when required on the grounds that they know where to discover it. This would not be conceivable without having created complex association methodologies that incorporate categorization (Iachini, Borghi and Senese, 2008). Thus categorization helps understudies structure a premise for organizing and arranging their reality. It can turn into a framework for learning; critical thinking and sorting out and is additionally an establishment for preparing, recalling and coordinating new information (Jones et al., 2012; Mack, 2010). Keeping in mind the end goal to function proficiently, the human cognitive framework utilizes the capacity to arrange its general surroundings into significant categorizations. At the end of the day, it orders a limitless number of jolts, and this procedure is fundamental for data handling chiefly by its commitment to information organization. The trouble in researching categorization in kids before they can precisely disentangle dialect and investigate the applicable peculiarities of articles in perplexing ways has postponed our insight about right on time ability in order. The most recent many years of examination have united with a refinement of techniques a scope of trial information that depicts categorization in early childhood. For example, as of now at 3 years old years kids have right to use to numerous types of categorizations - e.g., taxonomic ones (in light of imparted properties) and topical ones (taking into account co-event in space and time) (Bornstein and Arterberry, 2010). Since postnatal life, newborn children show expanding capacities to identify perceptual likenesses and regularities in spatial relations and peculiarities of novel protests and demonstrate a developing reasonable comprehension of the physical and spatial properties of constant robust objects (Mash and Bornstein, 2011; Bornstein, Arterberry and Mash, 2010). By 4 to 6 months of age, babies see fruition of consistent surfaces and directions regardless of impediment, see deceptive contours, recognize genuine objects after presentation to two-dimensional delineations of them and separate between physically conceivable and incomprehensible occasions including robust objects (Smidts, Jacobs and Anderson, 2004; Nazzi and Gopnik, 2000). Categorization adds to rendering intelligible these generally confusing assorted qualities, permitting us to sum up crosswise over encounters, in light of the fact that Categorization relates every accomplished substance to a surviving representation (Graham et al., 2010). Categorization additionally encourages the capacity and recovery of data, and it supplies a standard of association by which new data can be managed an account proficiently in memory. Along these lines, order suggests a rudimentary sort of derivation and permits the categorizer to react to novel substances as though they were recognizable (Booth, 2008). Categorization of object alludes to imparted representations of like, yet discriminable, objects. Categorization of object passes on learning of other article properties and additionally information of properties of class individuals not yet experienced. In a word, categorization is a fundamental cognitive and formative accomplishment, additionally exhibits an impre ssive cognitive and formative test (Gaiert, Blthoff and Wallraven, 2011). Categorization are particularly profitable in early stages and early adolescence when numerous new questions, occasions, and individuals are experienced on the grounds that, without the capacity and proclivity to order, kids would need to figure out how to react again to every novel element they experience(Son, Smith and Goldstone, 2008). In this sense, bits of knowledge into how Categorization at first creates are essential to comprehension children' discernments and additionally other developing related mental capacities, for example, memory and dialect (Leibe, Ettlin and Schiele, 2008). Two perspectives on categorization supplement each other. One underlines processing, and alternate spotlights on structure. Regarding processing, substances on the planet can be ordered in diverse ways: The individuals, objects and events that people experiences consistently are not very bound into a solitary class, yet can be arranged into distinctive classes. Adults amenably classify the same elements in diverse routes in light of evolving guidelines, connections, and assignment requests. So do young children. As children get to be acquainted with the objects in an errand they can change their categorization; whether kids structure a class that incorporates or rejects certain models relies on upon the circulation of models they are presented to (Ionescu, 2007). This shows that as the children grow, they start understanding the categorization of objects more effectively. This further demonstrates that the children utilize their different depth information about categorization of objects to perceive different objects more effectively as they keep growing and get familiar with the objects (Augier and Thibaut, 2013). Further, to help children to become flexible with the categorization of objects, formative psychologists have started to outline a picture about adaptable categorization ahead of schedule in ontogeny, which speaks to the capacity to put an article in a few categorizations as per diverse categorization criteria. Case For instance, consider a cat as an animal, as a companion, or as a dark and cocoa being. Adults can do this with ease. Flexible categorization provides for children the likelihood of better adjusting to their surroundings, by the method for rethinking the applicable gimmicks of a jolt in the light of new logical request s. Late information on kids demonstrate that they also can interchange them ahead of schedule in their advancement (Mash and Bornstein, 2011). Strengths and limitations of previous research Even though the previous studies discussed in the literature review have provided significant insights on categorization of objects among different age group of children starting from infancy. It is effectively described that categorization of objects becomes easier for the children as they start getting familiar with the objects near their surrounding and thus as they keep growing they start identifying the objects more easily. The previous studies also describe that categorization of objects is mainly learnt through experience and interaction. Further, the categorization of objects includes ideas that are in view of thoughts and qualities, instead of simply physical things. However, there still exits a gap in understanding how these categorization processes develop across the relatively broad age range of early childhood to age 12. Thus, this present study would analyze the gap and make clear understanding about age and categorization of objects. Outline current study The present study is divided into five different parts. First is introduction where brief about categorization of objects and what the present study is all about is being discussed. Further, this part consists of aim and hypothesis of the study. To provide proper evidence to the current study, a literature review of previous similar studies has been discussed to have thorough understanding of the topic. Second part discusses the method of conducting this current study. This part describes the research design, procedures and also materials being used to understand the relationship between age and categorization of objects between 3-12 years age of children. The third part of this proposal emphasizes on the ethics of conducting this research. As it is aimed towards children of age 3-12years, the researcher would try to make sure that all types of safety measures and permission from their parents have be made before starting this project. Fourth part is the proposed analysis which discusses the way the information is analyzed and what kind of results are expected out of this study. Last part is appendices that consists of timeline plan of this study and also consists of ethics proposal form. Research aims and hypotheses The aim of the study is to investigate the development of conceptual reasoning in children between 3-12years, using a new task with parameters appropriate for children in this age range. In order to conduct this study, the researcher has decided to focus on following hypothesis: H0: There is difference in categorization of objects between 3-12years age of children H1: There is no difference in categorization of objects between 3-12years age of children Method Design This present study utilizes the experimental research design to understand age and categorization of objects among the children between the age group of 3-12years of age. The reason behind selecting this research design is that it helps the researcher to look at the legitimacy of the hypothesis or to focus the viability of something beforehand untried (Akker, 2006). Additional, experimental studies include profoundly controlled and deliberate methodology with an end goal to minimize mistake and predisposition which likewise builds our certainty that the control "brought about" the result (Grand and Jonas, 2012). An alternate key component of this experimental study is random assignment. Random sampling implies that if there are treatments or groups in the research, members are allotted to these groups arbitrarily (like the flip of a coin). This implies that regardless of who the member is, he/she has an equivalent chance of getting into the majority of the groups in the experiment (C ohen, Manion and Morrison, 2000). This procedure serves to guarantee that the group of selected children are similar toward the start of the study so that there is more certainty that the control brought about the result. Since, this is an academic research and has to be completed within the stipulated given time, the researcher emphasizes on using cross-sectional research study. This implies that analysts record data about their subjects without controlling the study environment. It is characterized as test gatherings along a formative way in a trial to decide how advancement impacts an exploration variable (Bordens and Abbott, 2011). The advantage of a cross-sectional study outline is that it permits analysts to look at various variables in the meantime. On the other hand, cross-sectional studies may not give unmistakable data about cause-and-effect connections. This is on account of such studies offer a depiction of a solitary minute in time; they don't consider what happens before or after the preview is taken (Quraishi, 2012). Participants The sample consisted of 50 children, aged between 3years to 12years. This sample is divided into 3 groups: one group consisted of 3-5years children with sample size of 18, other group included children between age group 6-9years with n= 17 and the last group involved children of age 10-12years with sample size 15. Children are selected from different kindergarten, primary schools, child care centres in the metropolitan area of London, United Kingdom. The inclusion criteria for this study are: Age between 3 years 0months to 12years 1month while participating in the study No past history related to psychiatric or development of neurological disorder English should be the first language Informed consent, based on the ethical procedures, will be taken from the guardians or parents of the children who are participating in the study. More or less equivalent quantities of boys and girls are taken from every age, and the sample was overwhelmingly European American with around 10% of the children of Asian American, African American, and/or mixed ethnicity. Families were enlisted through acquired mailing records recognizing new families in a more prominent metropolitan zone, and they all originated from middle- to upper -financial status family units. Materials The object categorization used is plastic toys that can be manipulated by the children. This would be more appealing to the early childhood (3-8years) than the late childhood (9-12years) compared to the graphics and diagrams which are mostly liked by the late childhood. However, according to the aim of the research study, the materials are chosen. The objects categorization consists of two settings one is the setting with 5toys and another setting with 7 toys. This would allow examining the conceptual reasoning skills in the early childhood and also late childhood. It is also hypothesized that the young children that the first group of age 3-5years would perform more poorly compared to other two groups, as they are quite immature to understand the concept behind this task or lack of reasoning skills. Thus, it is also predicted that the age differences generates different concepts and ability to shift with the concepts. Procedure In order to conduct this study, two different trials one is practice trial and then the test trial was conducted to investigate the ability of the children to make two different groups of the toys provided to them. Practice Trials: As a practice trail and introduction to the task, children were given five distinct plastic toys one is animals that included bear and dog and another one is fruits that included apple, banana and mango. The researcher then shows the children that these two are identical in nature but different toys. So, they need to separate them. Then, the researcher asks the students to put the vehicles on the left side of the table and animals on the right side of the table. Further, during the experiment, if a researcher finds that any child is unable to understand the instructions then they were asked to tell which rubber toys are vehicles and which are animals and then put them separately on the table. Test Trials: After completing the practice trials with all the groups, the researcher then showed the children 7 toys that consisted of cat, deer, elephant, bug, plane, car and bike. Then, the examiner again asked each group children to separate the toys based on animals and vehicles. If a child did not know how to sort or what to sort they were taught about the objects with the help of charts. This object categorization task included three different conditions one is explicit cueing another one is identification and free generation conditions. In explicit cueing condition, a child or a group of children who are unable to identify or sort the objects according to the categories at all were given score of 1, then group of children or a child who tried putting the toys in write place by somehow misplaced but again with write instructions, they placed the toys in right category where allotted score 2. This was identification condition. Lastly, in free generation condition, the students who placed the toys in right manner without any support was given score 3. In this way, it helps the researcher to understand which age group is able to categorize the objects properly and investigate about their reasoning skills. Ethical Considerations Ethics in terms of research means a researcher has an ethical commitment to shield the participants from damage, pointless attack of their security, and the advancement of their prosperity. In order to conduct this research ethically, the researcher focuses on three main areas, acquiring assent, guaranteeing security from mischief, and securing privacy (Creswell, 2014). Informed consent guarantees that every member has a complete comprehension of the reason and systems utilized as a part of the study, the dangers included, and the requests of the study. Capacity is an individual's capacity to procure and hold information. Data must be exhibited so it can be totally and completely caught on by every participant (BERA, 2011). Voluntariness guarantees each member's capacity to work out the force of free decision without the intercession of power, extortion, duplicity, pressure, or different types of compulsion. Consent to partake will be taken from parents. Further, remembering that no individual is hurt by serving as a member in a study. Specific consideration will be taken towards children. Further, the researcher would also focus on confidentiality or privacy of the information taken or collected from the participants for this task (Desai, 2010). The researcher ensures that the information collected will just be used to complete this academic writing only not for any other commercial use (Iijima, Aleksic and Ozaki, 2011). The researcher would also focus on several other factors in ensuring the protection of members, counting the affectability of the information in perspective of the group of children and their parents being mulled over, the setting in which the research happens, and how open the information is that is gathered and scattered (SRCD, 2007). Lastly, the researcher would also focus on termination. There is no restriction for the participants to continue with the research till end. They can terminate the deal whenever they want just 1week prior notic e. The researcher makes sure that any integrity breach during execution or development of the study will seriously affect the research study (The British Psychological Society, 2010). Proposed Analysis The researcher focuses on collecting primary data using direct observation method which is a procedure by which an evaluation group gathers information on characteristically happening conduct inside their standard setting. This is attained to by watching conditions and particular gimmicks of an influenced site from a scope of perspectives and areas to give a general perspective of the influenced territory and by taking note of these perceptions in a checklist (Vogt, 2011). The research uses the video recorder to record all the activities and behaviour of the students towards categorization of objects. Video records are coded randomly. The objects were coded according to the order in which the children touched items. Then, the researcher will make quantitative analysis on the collected data to measure effect as indicated by humanitarian markers. The reason behind using this quantitative data analysis is that it gives numeric estimates, also opportunity for fairly uncomplicated data an alysis. Further, its supports the researcher for making the right conclusion as the data collected are in its reliability (Banyard and Grayson, 2008). From, this present study and analysis of data, it is expected that age influences the categorization of object that is categorization of objects depends upon age. The children between the age group of 10-12 years are more active towards categorizing objects compared to 3-9years. The kids 3-5years need much support in categorizing the objects. Thus, it can be expected that categorization of objects is dependent on age. References Akker, J. (2006). Educational design research. London: Routledge. Anaki, D. and Bentin, S. (2009). Familiarity effects on categorization levels of faces and objects. Cognition, 111(1), pp.144-149. Augier, L. and Thibaut, J. (2013). The benefits and costs of comparisons in a novel object categorization task: Interactions with development. Psychon Bull Rev, 20(6), pp.1126-1132. Banyard, P. and Grayson, A. (2008). Introducing psychological research. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. BERA, (2011). Ethical Guidelines Foreducational Research. [online] bera.ac.uk. 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